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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LLNL and Verne demonstrate highly efficient hydrogen densification pathway with less required energy

March 2025

Livermore, California, March 18, 2025 — Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Verne have demonstrated a novel pathway for creating high-density hydrogen through a research program funded by Department of Energy’s ARPA-E.

The demonstration validated that it is possible to efficiently reach cryo-compressed hydrogen conditions with liquid hydrogen-like density directly from a source of gaseous hydrogen — substantially reducing the energy input required compared to methods that rely on energy-intensive hydrogen liquefaction.

The energy density of hydrogen on a mass basis is extremely high. However, at ambient conditions gaseous hydrogen requires more volume to store an equivalent amount of energy as competing forms of energy storage.

To reduce the storage volume required, densification of hydrogen is typically accomplished using gas compression or liquefaction. This work demonstrated a pathway that uses both compression and cooling at the same time, each to a lesser degree than when used independently.

So far, the hydrogen supply chain has been hindered by a trade-off between compressed gaseous hydrogen — which is cheap to produce, but low in density — and liquid hydrogen— which is high in density, but expensive to densify (via liquefaction). This trade-off has led to expensive distribution costs that have limited the adoption of hydrogen solutions.

This demonstration validates that cryo-compressed hydrogen can break this trade-off by creating high-density hydrogen without requiring the significant energy inputs required of hydrogen liquefaction.

Enabling end-use applications of hydrogen

Annual U.S. power consumption is projected to grow by 800 terrawatt hours by 2030, with data centers and electric vehicles  driving 77 percent of this new demand, according to the Boston Consulting Group. Customers from a variety of sectors are seeking increased electrical power and are not currently being served by the grid.

Hydrogen can be delivered to these sectors and converted to electricity on-site through a fuel cell, engine or turbine. However, the cost of existing hydrogen distribution technologies has limited adoption.

“This demonstration confirms that cryo-compressed hydrogen can break the current trade-off between density and cost,” said Ted McKlveen, co-founder & CEO of Verne. “Providing a low-cost way to reach high densities will bring down the cost of delivering and using hydrogen, opening up a host of applications for hydrogen across some of the most demanding sectors of the economy from construction to ports to warehouses.”

More efficient densification pathway proven 

The novel hydrogen densification pathway that LLNL and Verne demonstrated produces cryo-compressed hydrogen without requiring a phase change, leading to 50 percent energy savings relative to small-scale hydrogen liquefaction.

During the most recent demonstration, conversion of hydrogen to 81 K (-314 degrees Fahrenheit) and 350 bar (one bar is equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level) and densities greater than 60 grams per liter were achieved using a catalyst-filled heat exchanger. 

In addition to energy savings, this densification pathway is more modular than hydrogen liquefaction. While hydrogen liquefaction typically requires construction of large, centralized facilities, cryo-compression can be efficiently built at small scale. This means that the hydrogen distribution network can be further optimized, locating densification and distribution hubs closer to the points of use.

 

Read the full press release: https://www.llnl.gov/article/52606/llnl-verne-demonstrate-highly-efficient-hydrogen-densification-pathway-less-required-energy

Verne receives award to develop cryo-compressed hydrogen solutions for the U.S. Army

May 2024

Verne was awarded funding through the U.S. Army Energy Demand Reduction and Clean Energy Tech SBIR program and will conduct feasibility analysis on cryo-compressed hydrogen vehicles

San Francisco, California, May 29, 2024 — Verne received an award to research cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) vehicles for the U.S. Army. Hydrogen is an alternative fuel that can be generated on-site near the edge of operations, removing reliance on complex fuel supply chains and lowering all-in fuel costs. Cryo-compressed hydrogen is a novel form of hydrogen storage that maximizes hydrogen density, extending vehicle range without adding extra weight. During this project, Verne will work with the U.S. Army Ground Vehicle System Center and vehicle manufacturers to gather requirements and model the operational impact of adopting CcH2 solutions for medium and heavy-duty vehicles used in U.S. Army operations.

The U.S. military is the largest consumer of oil in the world, using more than 100 million barrels of oil annually. In 2021, the U.S. military emitted 51 million metric tons of CO2, greater than the total emission footprint of more than 70% of countries. However, the U.S. military has placed a strong emphasis on decarbonizing their operations: the U.S. Army released their first comprehensive Climate Strategy in 2022, with the goal of reaching net zero emissions from Army installations by 2045. Investing in clean energy research will enable the U.S. Army to achieve these climate targets, develop supply chain resiliency, and remain at the cutting edge of important frontier technologies like CcH2.

The U.S. Department of Defense has long been a leading driver of innovation, responsible for developing critical technologies with benefits extending far beyond military applications. The U.S. Department of Defense drove early semiconductor development in the 1950s, created the precursor to the modern internet in the 1960s and built the first Global Position System (GPS) in the 1970s. The U.S. Department of Defense is now leading development of alternative energy technologies to increase operational capabilities and meet their energy targets.

Verne’s cryo-compressed hydrogen technology involves cooling and compressing hydrogen to achieve the maximum hydrogen density at 73 g/L internal density, a 33% improvement over liquid hydrogen and an 87% improvement over traditional 700 bar compressed gas hydrogen. This best-in-class energy density leads to greater range and payload, enhancing operational capabilities.

“The U.S. Army has been responsible for advancing many critical technologies and Verne is excited to work together to advance cryo-compressed hydrogen,” said David Jaramillo, Verne Co-founder and CTO. “Verne’s mission is to provide zero-emission technologies that do not require costly performance trade-offs, and this is a vote of confidence that the U.S. Army believes CcH2 can meet their strict performance standards.”

Decisive Point, a venture capital firm with expertise in navigating the federal and commercial markets will provide strategic support on this award: “The DoD continues to fund technologies that enable its platforms to leverage new fuel sources like hydrogen to provide an advantage when it comes to resilient supply chains and long-range capability,” said Eric Horan, Partner at Decisive Point and former Government Contracting Officer for the U.S. Navy.

Since its founding in 2020, Verne has been dedicated to providing high-density hydrogen storage systems that meet the needs of heavy-duty transportation. Last year, Verne announced a CcH2 storage record during stationary demonstration of a 29 kg storage tank at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and completed the first testing of their CcH2 storage system on-board a vehicle. Verne recently announced a project to demonstrate the first CcH2 Class 8 Truck. Verne is working with key trucking fleets and OEMs, as well as leading partners across aviation, ports, mining, and hydrogen distribution & refueling.


About Verne

Verne was founded in 2020 to develop high-density hydrogen storage solutions required to decarbonize heavy-duty transportation. Verne’s platform unlocks zero-emission operations in sectors including trucking, aviation, port vehicles, mining and hydrogen distribution. Verne is financially supported by leading commercial entities, including Trucks Venture Capital, Collaborative Fund, Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, Caterpillar VC, and Newlab. Verne is also supported by Breakthrough Energy Fellows, the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E, The U.S. Army, Alberta Innovates and other agencies. For more information, visit www.verneh2.com.

Company contact: contact@verneh2.com

World Economic Forum

The hidden 85%: How to make hydrogen cost-effective

May 2024

Delivery and refueling are responsible for a staggering 85% of hydrogen costs in transportation, with hydrogen production accounting for just 15% of final costs!

"Investing in cost reductions across the entire hydrogen value chain, and not just in hydrogen production, will enable hydrogen to displace diesel fuel and usher in a new era of heavy-duty transportation."

Read more: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2024/05/hydrogen-hidden-costs-energy-transition/

H2 View

Verne receives Alberta Innovates award to demonstrate Class 8 truck powered by cryo-compressed hydrogen

April 2024

Verne’s first-of-a-kind project will demonstrate the performance benefits of cryo-compressed hydrogen fuel for Class 8 trucking and other heavy-duty transportation sectors

Edmonton, Alberta, April 24, 2024 - Verne received a grant from Alberta Innovates to fund the development and demonstration of a Class 8 truck powered by cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2). Verne’s project will mark the first demonstration of a Class 8 truck powered by CcH2, and will illustrate the performance benefits and decarbonization potential of the technology to key stakeholders in Alberta and beyond.

Verne (San Francisco, CA) is a leading developer of high-density hydrogen storage systems. Verne’s cryo-compressed hydrogen technology stores hydrogen at a maximum hydrogen density of 73 g/L, a 33% improvement over liquid hydrogen and an 87% improvement over 700 bar compressed gas hydrogen, maximizing vehicle range and payload. Verne’s CcH2 system enables over 1,200 kilometers of range, achieving equivalent performance to diesel-trucks and superior performance to available hydrogen and battery electric trucks. The increased density also means that Verne’s storage systems reduce material usage and cost by 50% relative to compressed gas storage systems of equivalent volume.

Through this project, Verne will work with Alberta-based partners to retrofit an existing diesel internal combustion engine truck to run on a blend of diesel and hydrogen (known as a “dual-fuel” combustion engine). Verne will then demonstrate the truck and a proprietary mobile CcH2 refueler with Alberta fleets and other collaborators. This first-of-a-kind project will demonstrate the performance of CcH2 in the rigorous Alberta operating environment and provide key stakeholders – including fleets, truck manufacturers and station developers – with first-hand experience with CcH2 and its benefits over existing options.

Heavy-duty transportation is responsible for 12% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Class 8 trucks are some of the largest polluters, as they haul heavy-payloads and travel long distances each day. Verne is targeting Class 8 trucking as the first market to commercialize its technology, but Verne has also received significant commercial interest from leading partners in aviation, port equipment, mining and hydrogen distribution.

Bav Roy, Verne Co-founder & COO, was present at the Canadian Hydrogen Convention in Edmonton, Alberta for the announcement: “Verne was founded with the mission of decarbonizing heavy-duty transportation. This project is a critical step in demonstrating that Verne’s high-capacity hydrogen systems can play a major role in bringing diesel-like performance to clean transportation. Verne thanks Alberta Innovates and our partners in the region for their strong support.”

This grant was awarded as part of Alberta Innovates’ Hydrogen Centre of Excellence Competition II. Alberta Innovates is an Alberta crown corporation advancing innovation in the province, and the Hydrogen Centre of Excellence was founded to accelerate innovation across the hydrogen value chain in Alberta.

Verne was founded in 2020 to solve the challenge of decarbonizing heavy-duty transportation through high-density hydrogen storage. Last year, Verne announced a CcH2 storage record during stationary demonstration of a 29 kg storage tank at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Verne also completed the first testing of their CcH2 storage system on-board a vehicle as part of their participation in the Breakthrough Energy Fellows program. This demonstration marks the next milestone in Verne’s journey to commercialize their technology and decarbonize heavy-duty transportation.

To learn more about Verne’s efforts to decarbonize heavy-duty transportation, please visit www.verneh2.com.

About Verne

Verne was founded in 2020 to develop high-density hydrogen storage solutions required to decarbonize heavy-duty transportation. Verne’s platform unlocks zero-emission operations in sectors including trucking, off-road, aviation, and hydrogen distribution. Verne is financially supported by leading commercial entities, including Trucks Venture Capital, Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, Caterpillar VC, Collaborative Fund and Newlab. Verne is also supported by Breakthrough Energy Fellows, the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E, Alberta Innovates and other agencies. For more information, visit www.verneh2.com.

Company contact: contact@verneh2.com

Forbes

Verne Closes Strategic Fundraise

April 2024

Trucks Venture Capital, Collaborative Fund, Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, Newlab and other strategic investors back Verne’s cryo-compressed hydrogen storage technology

San Francisco, CA, April 18, 2024 - Verne, a leading developer of high-density hydrogen storage systems, today announced a strategic fundraise led by Trucks Venture Capital, with participation from existing investors Collaborative Fund and Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, and new investors United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund and Newlab. The new funding will enable Verne to accelerate development of their cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) technology for on-board hydrogen storage for heavy-duty vehicles. The investment brings Verne’s total funding to $15.5M including grant funding.

Read the full press release
Read the Forbes article

Time

Time: The Challenge of Decarbonizing Long-Haul Trucking

February 2024

Verne was highlited in a recent Time article "The Challenge of Decarbonizing Long-Haul Trucking":

While there are a handful of hydrogen-powered cars, there currently aren’t any hydrogen-powered trucks. But San Francisco-based startup Verne, is one company trying to change that. It says its technology doubles the density of conventional hydrogen in each tank, thereby increasing the energy available and allowing trucks to travel farther. “Our goal is to make sure trucks can make sure they maintain diesel parity [with] a full range and a full payload and the same refueling time,” says Ted McKlveen, Verne’s co-founder, and chief executive.

Ultimately, it might not be an either-or situation. McKlveen thinks there’s room for electric-powered trucks and hydrogen-fueled ones to coexist. Electric might be the better choice for short trips, while hydrogen could power vehicles that travel cross country.

Read the full article: https://time.com/collection/time-co2-futures/6766439/electric-long-haul-trucking/

CTE

Verne joins the Center for Transportation and the Environment to continue efforts accelerating adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty vehicles

January 2024

Verne joined the Center for Transportation and the Environment (CTE). CTE is a nonprofit organization that develops, promotes, and implements advanced transportation technologies, vehicles, and fuels that reduce environmental pollution and fossil fuel dependency. Verne and CTE will continue working together to accelerate the adoption of zero-emission heavy-duty transportation!

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