Verne and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory achieve cryo-compressed hydrogen storage record, demonstrating first system suitable for heavy-duty transportation

December 2023

Verne and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory tripled previous records for cryo-compressed hydrogen storage, achieving the first demonstration of a CcH2 system large enough to meet the energy storage needs of semi-trucks

 

Livermore, California, December 12, 2023 — Verne and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) demonstrated a single cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) system with a capacity of 29 kilograms, close to three times greater capacity than previously known examples. This system is the first CcH2 system large enough for use in heavy-duty transportation systems. For example, two such systems can be frame-mounted to a Class 8 truck, and enable a range of over 500 miles, according to Verne analysis.

Heavy-duty vehicles including trucks, ships and planes are responsible for 23 percent of U.S. GHG emissions, yet are difficult to decarbonize due to their high energy requirements. Current battery electric and hydrogen storage methods (liquid and compressed gas) do not provide sufficient energy density to power Class 8 trucks. CcH2 achieves 27 percent greater hydrogen storage density than liquid hydrogen and more than 75 percent greater hydrogen storage density than compressed gaseous hydrogen. The energy stored in Verne’s 29 kilogram CcH2 tank is roughly equivalent to a one-megawatt-hour battery storage system, while weighing only about 400 kg versus the one-megawatt-hour battery which weighs around 5,000 kg. This magnitude improvement in gravimetric energy density is a major reason why hydrogen is the preferred fuel for the heavy-duty industry.  

Verne and LLNL have worked together for the past two years to test Verne’s hydrogen-storage systems, building on early CcH2 research at LLNL that was started over 25 years ago by Dr. Salvador Aceves. In this test, Verne implemented a test manifold that enables the testing of multiple components at once. This allows Verne to test and validate various types of safety valves, operating valves, and sensors.

“Despite the promise from early hydrogen-fueled truck pilots, the efficient storage of hydrogen onboard trucks, ships and planes remains one of the main challenges to unlock a zero-emission future. Verne has developed high-density, lightweight hydrogen storage systems for use onboard heavy-duty vehicles at low cost. Our solution builds upon decades of research pioneered at Livermore to provide a reliable, scalable and cost-effective storage solution. We could not have done this without the team at Livermore. It’s exciting to see this project head toward the commercialization phase where it can be adopted across the heavy-duty sector” said David Jaramillo, co-founder of Verne.

Verne’s CcH2 system is compact enough that it can fit where diesel tanks are typically installed on a Class 8 truck, on the side of the truck between the wheels. Verne has received interest in their CcH2 systems from a variety of industry stakeholders, including Amazon, an investor in Verne.

Learn more about Verne and LLNL’s world-record accomplishment and the need for cryo-compressed hydrogen to decarbonize heavy-duty transportation through LLNL’s press release: https://www.llnl.gov/article/50691/hydrogen-storage-demonstrated-semi-trucks


About Verne

Verne was founded in 2020 to develop the required high-density hydrogen platform for heavy-duty transportation. Verne’s platform can unlock zero-emission operations in sectors including mining, aviation, port vehicles and hydrogen distribution. Verne is financially supported by leading commercial entities, including Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, Caterpillar Venture Capital, and Collaborative Fund. Verne is also supported by Breakthrough Energy Fellows, the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E, and other agencies. For more information, visit verneh2.com  

Company contact:
David Jaramillo, CTO & Co-Founder; contact@verneh2.com

Picture: Verne and LLNL personnel following the completion of the system demonstration. The system contains a modifiable manifold which enables accelerated testing of multiple components at once. From the left: Kara Zhang (Verne R&D Process Engineer), Ted McKlveen (Verne CEO &Co-Founder), David Jaramillo (Verne CTO & Co-Founder), Bav Roy (Verne COO& Co-Founder), Harry Clarke (Verne Hydrogen Systems Engineer), and Nick Killingsworth (LLNL Senior Engineer). Photo by Garry McLeod/LLNL.

Related News

Verne begins offering zero-emission on-site power generation to customers

May 2025

San Francisco, CA, May 30, 2025 — Verne is now offering zero-emission off-grid power to customers. Customers are increasingly seeking quiet, clean on-site power generation in applications including ports, EV charging, construction and data centers. Verne has partnered with a leading equipment rental company that supplies diesel generators to meet customers’ grid-independent power needs and has recently added hydrogen power generators to their equipment fleet. Verne will provide hydrogen fuel and fuel storage to create an integrated hydrogen-to-power solution available to customers nationwide.

In one of Verne’s recent deployments, the company demonstrated the integrated hydrogen-to-power offering in Southern California for customers in construction and EV charging. Verne delivered hydrogen to hydrogen fuel cell generators developed by EODev. The demonstration showcased the ease and efficiency of zero-emission, quiet on-site power generation with hydrogen generators. The combined offering is the lowest cost solution for customers seeking rapid, permit-friendly power.

“Verne was founded to provide reliable energy solutions to the most critical sectors of the economy,” said Ted McKlveen, Co-founder & CEO of Verne. “Working with established equipment rental partners will help us reach customers seeking clean, efficient off-grid power and allow us to accelerate deployment of our solutions in the most critical, most demanding sectors of the economy.”

Customers interested accessing zero-emission on-site power generation can reach out to Verne at contact@verne-power.com.

About Verne

Verne’s mission is to decarbonize the most challenging sectors of the economy. Verne provides zero-emission on-site power to critical sectors including construction, ports, EV fleets and data centers. Verne is supported by Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, Breakthrough Energy Fellows, Caterpillar VC, NextEra Energy Resources, United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, Collaborative Fund, ARPA-E, The U.S. Army, and other leading organizations.

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

LLNL and Verne demonstrate highly efficient hydrogen densification pathway with less required energy

March 2025

Livermore, California, March 18, 2025 — Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) and Verne have demonstrated a novel pathway for creating high-density hydrogen through a research program funded by Department of Energy’s ARPA-E.

The demonstration validated that it is possible to efficiently reach cryo-compressed hydrogen conditions with liquid hydrogen-like density directly from a source of gaseous hydrogen — substantially reducing the energy input required compared to methods that rely on energy-intensive hydrogen liquefaction.

The energy density of hydrogen on a mass basis is extremely high. However, at ambient conditions gaseous hydrogen requires more volume to store an equivalent amount of energy as competing forms of energy storage.

To reduce the storage volume required, densification of hydrogen is typically accomplished using gas compression or liquefaction. This work demonstrated a pathway that uses both compression and cooling at the same time, each to a lesser degree than when used independently.

So far, the hydrogen supply chain has been hindered by a trade-off between compressed gaseous hydrogen — which is cheap to produce, but low in density — and liquid hydrogen— which is high in density, but expensive to densify (via liquefaction). This trade-off has led to expensive distribution costs that have limited the adoption of hydrogen solutions.

This demonstration validates that cryo-compressed hydrogen can break this trade-off by creating high-density hydrogen without requiring the significant energy inputs required of hydrogen liquefaction.

Enabling end-use applications of hydrogen

Annual U.S. power consumption is projected to grow by 800 terrawatt hours by 2030, with data centers and electric vehicles  driving 77 percent of this new demand, according to the Boston Consulting Group. Customers from a variety of sectors are seeking increased electrical power and are not currently being served by the grid.

Hydrogen can be delivered to these sectors and converted to electricity on-site through a fuel cell, engine or turbine. However, the cost of existing hydrogen distribution technologies has limited adoption.

“This demonstration confirms that cryo-compressed hydrogen can break the current trade-off between density and cost,” said Ted McKlveen, co-founder & CEO of Verne. “Providing a low-cost way to reach high densities will bring down the cost of delivering and using hydrogen, opening up a host of applications for hydrogen across some of the most demanding sectors of the economy from construction to ports to warehouses.”

More efficient densification pathway proven 

The novel hydrogen densification pathway that LLNL and Verne demonstrated produces cryo-compressed hydrogen without requiring a phase change, leading to 50 percent energy savings relative to small-scale hydrogen liquefaction.

During the most recent demonstration, conversion of hydrogen to 81 K (-314 degrees Fahrenheit) and 350 bar (one bar is equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level) and densities greater than 60 grams per liter were achieved using a catalyst-filled heat exchanger. 

In addition to energy savings, this densification pathway is more modular than hydrogen liquefaction. While hydrogen liquefaction typically requires construction of large, centralized facilities, cryo-compression can be efficiently built at small scale. This means that the hydrogen distribution network can be further optimized, locating densification and distribution hubs closer to the points of use.

 

Read the full press release: https://www.llnl.gov/article/52606/llnl-verne-demonstrate-highly-efficient-hydrogen-densification-pathway-less-required-energy

Verne achieves hydrogen storage milestone

January 2025

Verne demonstrated the world’s first cryo-compressed hydrogen Class 8 truck and refueling system, paving the way for CcH2 applications in trucking and hydrogen distribution

San Francisco, CA, January 22, 2025 — Verne successfully demonstrated the world’s first cryo-compressed hydrogen (CcH2) truck in Southern California in late 2024. During the testing, Verne drove the truck hundreds of miles and conducted multiple refueling events with Verne’s novel CcH2 filling equipment. The test validated the density and dormancy benefits of CcH2 and the reliability and durability of the system under real-world operating conditions. These test results confirm the advantages of CcH2 relative to existing hydrogen storage methods, preparing Verne to commercialize the technology in various markets, beginning with hydrogen distribution.

Verne’s breakthrough cryo-compressed hydrogen technology is the most efficient method of storing and distributing hydrogen. CcH2 enables 33% greater hydrogen storage density than liquid hydrogen and 87% greater density than traditional 700 bar compressed hydrogen. Additionally, CcH2 has lower densification costs and experiences less hydrogen boil-off losses relative to liquid hydrogen. Verne estimates that these improvements enable 40% cheaper hydrogen distribution costs relative to existing technologies.

During the demonstration in late 2024, Verne validated both the storage and fueling systems under relevant operating conditions, including operation of the truck on rugged off-road terrain. This is an important step towards commercialization of Verne’s CcH2 technology. Following this successful technical demonstration, Verne will conduct hydrogen distribution pilots with key customers before scaling up to full commercial hydrogen distribution operations.

One early market for hydrogen distribution is replacing diesel generators, delivering hydrogen to operate zero-emission hydrogen-to-power generators. Customers from a variety of sectors are seeking access to clean power and are not currently being served by the grid or by existing hydrogen distribution technologies. The efficiency and low-cost of CcH2 distribution make it feasible to deliver affordable clean energy anywhere without relying on interconnection to the grid. Verne has received interest from customers in construction, warehouses, ports, EV charging and remote events. Beyond commercializing the technology for CcH2 distribution, Verne will pursue onboard storage for Class 8 trucks and other heavy-duty vehicles.

“This demonstration is an important step forward for CcH2 and proves the strong technical foundation we’ve built at Verne,” said Ted McKlveen, Co-founder & CEO of Verne. “Across sectors, decarbonization efforts are being hindered by limited access to clean energy and zero-emission alternatives that meet operational standards. CcH2 can serve these customers and replace fossil fuels in some of the most demanding, most essential sectors of the economy.”

Since its founding in 2020, Verne has made rapid progress to develop and commercialize CcH2. In 2022, Verne initiated a project funded by ARPA-E to develop energy-efficient cryo-compression technology. In 2023, Verne demonstrated a world-record 29 kg storage tank at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, validating the CcH2 storage system in a stationary environment. Verne has also collaborated with key partners to develop the full technology ecosystem of CcH2, including coupling provider ARTA, cryopump provider Cryostar, refueling hose provider Lifeguard Technologies, and flow meter provider Rheonik. Building on this successful 2024 demonstration, which was supported by Alberta Innovates and Diesel Tech Industries, Verne will progress to pilots with these partners and leading commercial customers in 2025.


About Verne

Verne was founded in 2020 to decarbonize the most demanding sectors of the economy. Verne’s platform unlocks zero-emission operations in sectors including construction, warehouses, ports, EV charging and remote events. Verne is financially supported by leading commercial entities, including Trucks Venture Capital, Collaborative Fund, Amazon’s Climate Pledge Fund, NextEra Energy Resources, United Airlines Ventures Sustainable Flight Fund, Caterpillar VC, and Newlab. Verne is also supported by Breakthrough Energy Fellows, the Department of Energy’s ARPA-E, The U.S. Army, Alberta Innovates and other organizations. For more information, visit www.verneh2.com.

Company contact: contact@verneh2.com